A systematic review showed that the gamification interventions for health promotion that had been tested as of 2015 were of the duration of 4 months or less ( 12). However, the long-term effects of gamification and behavioral designs remain unclear ( 3, 4, 6, 10, 11). A range of intervention designs, including incentives, have been empirically tested for behavior change and categorized in a taxonomy of “choice architecture” techniques ( 9). In addition, findings from behavioral economics can help design interventions that anticipate predictable barriers to behavior change and “nudge” people to make healthier choices ( 3, 7, 8). Gamification denotes the use of game design elements (e.g., points, levels, social connectivity, competition) to motivate and engage people in nongame contexts ( 6) previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of gamification interventions for increasing PA ( 3, 4).

Recently, novel approaches for health promotion have been increasingly applied, such as gamification and behavioral design (derived from behavioral economics) ( 3– 5). Population strategies to promote PA are imperative to reduce the burden of physical inactivity ( 2). Despite the health benefits of physical activity (PA), physical inactivity remains highly prevalent globally ( 1).

The Unknown City for ios instal