Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation and ovarian function characterized by a lack of estrogen production. Other pharmacokinetic parameters of daidzein and genistein obtained following the three regimens were not significantly different. T max of daidzein and genistein after regimen B was significantly longer than that of regimen A. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters of isoflavones were time to maximal plasma concentration (T max), maximal plasma concentration (C max), half-life (t 1/2) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC).

Plasma concentrations of daidzein and genistein were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma was treated with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase to hydrolyze glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of daidzein and genistein. Blood samples were collected before dose and at specific time points until 32 hours after isoflavone administration. After a washout period, subjects were switched to receive the 2 remaining regimens according to their randomized sequences. Twelve healthy subjects were randomized to receive one of the following regimens: (a) a single dose of isoflavones, (b) a single dose of isoflavones, and D 3-calcium, or (c) continuous D 3-calcium for 7 days followed by a single dose of isoflavones on the 8th day. This study was an open-labeled, randomized three-phase crossover study. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of vitamin D 3 plus calcium supplements (D 3-calcium) on pharmacokinetics of isoflavones in Thai postmenopausal women.

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